[영문법] 품사 - 동사의 종류와 쓰임

Verb 동사 

• Show action
• Link ideas
• Help other verbs

ex) the bear roars

 

Subject - Verb Agreement 주어 - 동사 수일치 

The dog barks

The dogs bark

 

Verb Tense 동사의 시제 

Past (then) 과거 시제 

- 과거에 이미 발생한 일

- The past tense in English describes events that have already happened

- 동사에 동미사 '-ed'를 붙여 사용

- take the present tense of the word and add the suffix "-ed"

ex) I walked to the Moon.

Present (now) 현제 시제 

ex) I eat a donut (right now)

Future (later) 미래 시제 

- 미래 시제는 미래에 일어날 사건 묘사

- The future tense in English describes events that are going to happen IN THE FUTURE

- 'will'과 'be going to ~'를 사용

ex) I will eat this cupcake

Lorraine is going to visit Canada

 

Action Verb 동작동사 

ex)

• The bear eats a fish.
• The bear looked at me.
• The bear smells a person.

Linking Verb 연결동사 

- state of being verbs

- to be (am, is, are, be, being, been, was, were)

ex)

• The bear is hungry
• The bear looked lonely
• The bear smells like cinnamon

Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb) 조동사 

-to have, to be

ex)

• Brain is eaing a pizza
• Brian has eating a pizza
• Brian was eating a pizza
• Brain had been eating a pizza

 

Irregular Verbs 불규칙 동사

verb	1st present	3rd present	Plural present	1st Past	Plural Past
be	I am	she is	we are	I was	we were
have	I have	she has	we have	I had	we had
do	I do	she does	we do	I did	we did
say	I say	she says	we say	I said	we said

 

The funcky -ed

Present	Past
sleep	sang
keep	kept
bulid	built
spend	spent
leave	left
leap	leapt
lose	lost

 

 

Vowel Shifts 모음변화 

- 모음 : 혀가 입술, 치아, 입천장을 건드리지 않고 입에서 나오는 소리

- Vowel : any sound that your mouth can make while your tongue isn't touching your lips or teeth or the roof or your mouth

- a, e, i, o, u, (y)

- 모음변화: 모음의 소리가 입의 앞, 중간, 뒤로 이동하면서 변화함

Present	Past	Past Perfect
sing	sang	sung
drink	drank	drunk
win	won	won
find	found	found
sit	sat	sat
sneak	snuck	snuck
run	ran	run

 

Taken for a ride

Present	Past	Past Perfect
tear	tore	torn
show	showed	shown
prove	proved	proven
bite	bit	bitten
ride	rode	ridden
eat	ate	eaten
speak	spoke	spoken
be	was/were	been
go	went	gone

 

The truly irregular verb

Change	Present	Past
-ught	teach	taught
-ught	catch	caught
-ught	bring	brought
-d(vowel shift)	flee	fled
-d(vowel shift)	say	said
past = present	bet	bet
past = present	set	set
past = present	hurt	hurt
go	went	gone
modal (auxiliary) verbs	can	could
modal (auxiliary) verbs	may	might
modal (auxiliary) verbs	shall	should
modal (auxiliary) verbs	will	would

 

Verb Aspect 동사의 상

Verb aspect allows a speaker to give even more information about when an event took place or is going to take place

Simple aspect 단순형

Past (then)	Present (now)	Future (later)
I walked	I walk	I will walk

Progressive aspect 진행형

- ongoing

Past Progressive	Present Progressive	Future Progressive
I was walking	I am walking	I will be walking

Perfect aspect 완료형

- perfect → complete

Past Progressive	Present Progressive	Future Progressive
I had washed the dishes.	I have waked the dishes.	I will have washed the dishes.

Perfect Progressive aspect 완료진행형

- complete + ongoing

- have + been + verb-ing

Past Progressive	Present Progressive	Future Progressive
I had been eating cookies.	I have been eating cookies.	I will have been eating cookies.

 

Modal Verbs 조동사

- Modality? express conditions

• likelihood / certainty
• ability
• Permission
• Obligation (need)

- may, might, must, can, could, shall, chould, will, would

- 조동사의 특징

• Agree with everything (단복수 인칭에 따른 형변화가 없음)
• Don't have a to-form (infinitives) (TO부정사 형이 없음)
• Indicate Modality

 

- 예시

• He must have gone that way (likelihood)
• You must be this tall to ride the roller-coaster (obligation)
• It may rain (possiblity)
• You may enter (permission)
• I can eat then pounds of broccoli (ability)
• I would make the bed, but I'm tired (possiblity)
• You shouldn't do that (advice)
• He will win the competition (future)
• He shall win the competition (future, 영국식 영어에서 주로 사용) 

 

 

 

• roar 으르렁거리다
• wizard 마법사 
• then 그 때 
• catapult 투석기, 새총
• leap 뛰다
• sneak 살금살금 가다
• past-perfect, past-participle 과거 분사
• tear 찢다
• flee 도망가다
• conjugate 동사변화
• infinitives 부정법