[영문법] 품사 - 전치사의 종류와 활용

전치사 Preposition

- Prepositions help show us where things are in space and time (where, when, how)

 

시간 전치사 Prepostisons of Time

- After, At Before, By, For, In, On, Since, Until

- After

The bats come out after the sund goes down

- At: Precise

The Vampire wakes at 10pm

- Before

Can yo take out the garbage before you leave the house?

- By: Precise of end

This place had better be clean by 3pm

- For: Duration

I've been a chef for forty years.

- In: Bounded Duration

In March, In The Middle Ages.

- On: Specific day

On the 4th of July, many Americans watch fireworks and eat encaged meats.

- Since: Precise of beginning

Since 1974, our company has made noting but toasters.

- Until: Precise of end

You have until midnight to rescue the Ambassador, break the curse, and save prince Wilbur

 

공간 전치사 Prepositions of space

- At : a point, direction

We stood at the entrance to the cave

The creature launched itself at Amina.

- By : near

The House by the old mill is totally haunted.

- From : Somewhere else to here

We came from Mars.

- In : enclosed area

There's a bunny in the box.

- Out: away from an enclosed area

There's a bunny out of the box.

- On : a surface

There's a goblin on the front steps.

- Off : away from a surface

She hopped off the rock.

- To : Direction

I'm going to Mozambique

 

기타 전치사 Prepositions of neither space nor time

- About : subject

Tell me about yourself

- By : agency

The book was written by Sudhir

- For : use

It's for chipping wood

- Of : belonging

The great green dragon of Inverness

- With: together

There goes that snail with the painted shell

 

합성 전치사 Compound Prepositions

- To have both literal and figurative meanings

- 다음절 전치사 Multisyllabic prepositions 

- Syllable : a unit of rhythmic measurement in language

- Between : considers individuals

literal meaning) The firefly zipped between the raindrops

figurative meaning) I can't decide between Humdinger and Polic-cat

- Among : considers collectively

literal meaning) Ashley and Cyrus frolicked among the daisies.

figurative meaning) Among the ideas you've had, I like this one best.

- Around 

literal meaning) The fox ran around the tree

figurative meaning) The mayor talked around the issue

- Against :  Opposition

literal meaning) Rudyard leaned heavily against a tree

figurative meaning) Georgie campaigned against clog dancing

- Within : in

literal meaning) There's a frog within the pond

figurative meaning) Who can say what is within Ralph's heart?

- Without : not with

I guess we're going to the Candy Planet without Stu

- Inside : in / within

literal meaning) What's inside the box?

figurative meaning) What's inside her mind right now?

- Beyond : far away from past some point

literal meaning) Beyond those mountains is Terrell's kingdom

figurative meaning) This strawberry's flavor is beyond anything I've ever had before

 

전치사구 Prepositional phrases

- Anything that follows a preposition

- Phrases that begin with a preposition

ex) Danielle blew the horn with the strenght of a giant

- Use as nouns, adverbs, adjectives

ex)

To steal the Queen's diamonds would be a terrible crime

I would enjoy exploring the Cathedral of glass

The undiscovered country, from whose bourn(boundary no traveler returns

- 잘못 사용하면 문장의 의미를 모호하게 만듦

I knew a man with a wooden leg named Smith (-What was the name of his other leg?)

→ I knew a man named Smith who had a wooden leg

 

종결형 전치사 Terminal Prepositions

- Ending sentences with prepositions is totally okay

ex)

It's a crazy world we live in.

That's not behavior I'll put up with

cf) That is something with which up I will not put

- Preposition? Pre: prae(before) + Position: Posito(Placed) → Placed before

- 라틴어 문법에서는 문장의 순서를 도치하더라도 전치사가 문장 끝에 올 수 없음

- 그러나 영어에서는 가능

ex)

To put the cart before the horse

Ante equum carrum ponere

→ Carrum ponere ante equum

 

rodent 설치류

coffin 관

encage 가두다

haunted 귀신이 나오는

mill 방앗간

hop 껑충껑충 뛰다

as in ~의 경우와 같이

connotation 함의

obnoxious 아주 불쾌한

doer 행동가

part and parcel 요점

figurative 비유적인, 구조상의

syllable 음절

firefly 반딧불이

zip 쌩하고 날아가다

frolick 즐겁게 뛰어놀다

self-explanatory 자명한

akin to 유사한

surpass 뛰어넘다, 능가하다

soliloquy 독백

imbue 가득 채우

clunky 투박한

inarticulate 불명료

verbose 장황

solemn 근엄

prevail 만연하다

graceful 우아한

attest 증명하다

entail 수반하다

inferiority 열등함